Corneliu Vrancianu
CS - Danubius
Biografie
Publicatii
| Publication | Authors | Date | |
|---|---|---|---|
article
Decoding The Resistome, Virulome And Mobilome Of Clinical Versus Aquatic Acinetobacter Baumannii In Southern Romania |
Gheorghe-Barbu Irina; Surleac Marius; Barbu Ilda Czobor; Paraschiv Simona; Banica Leontina Mirela; Rotaru Liviu-Iulian; Vrancianu Corneliu Ovidiu; Lazar Mihai Nita; Otelea Dan; Chifiriuc Mariana Carmen | Heliyon, 2024 | |
RezumatAcinetobacter baumannii, a notorious opportunistic pathogen, presents a formidable challenge in both clinical and environmental fields due to its resilience and ability to acquire resistance. This study undertook a comprehensive analysis of 183 A. baumannii isolates collected between 2019 and 2022 from intra-hospital infections (IHI), hospital sewages (Hs), wastewater treatment plants (WWTP), and adjacent river waters from two Southern cities, focusing on their resistome, virulome, and mobilome through isolation on chromogenic media, identification by MALDI-TOF-MS and antibiotic susceptibility testing by disk diffusion) followed by genotypic characterization [Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS), 3rd generation sequencing through the MinION (ONT) platform, pangenome description, and respectively horizontal gene transfer through conjugation assays]. Our findings reveal significant genomic plasticity and the prevalence of high-risk international clones, underlining the potential of these isolates to act as reservoirs for antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) that could be dynamically exchanged between clinical and environmental settings through mobile genetic elements (MGEs) such as the pMAL1 plasmids and the critical role of WWTPs in the persistence and spread of A. baumannii. Moreover, our study presents the first report of the co-occurrence of blaOXA-23 and blaOXA-72 in A. baumannii ST2 clone. Thus, our research underscores the necessity for integrated surveillance and targeted interventions across healthcare and environmental sectors to mitigate the risk posed by this adaptable pathogen. |
|||
article
Molecular Pathways And Targeted Therapies In Head And Neck Cancers Pathogenesis |
Constantin Marian; Chifiriuc Mariana Carmen; Bleotu Coralia; Vrancianu Corneliu Ovidiu; Cristian Roxana-Elena; Bertesteanu Serban Vifor; Grigore Raluca; Bertesteanu Gloria | Frontiers In Oncology, 2024 | |
RezumatThe substantial heterogeneity exhibited by head and neck cancer (HNC), encompassing diverse cellular origins, anatomical locations, and etiological contributors, combined with the prevalent late-stage diagnosis, poses significant challenges for clinical management. Genomic sequencing endeavors have revealed extensive alterations in key signaling pathways that regulate cellular proliferation and survival. Initiatives to engineer therapies targeting these dysregulated pathways are underway, with several candidate molecules progressing to clinical evaluation phases, including FDA approval for agents like the EGFR-targeting monoclonal antibody cetuximab for K-RAS wild-type, EGFR-mutant HNSCC treatment. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), owing to their enhanced stability in biological fluids and their important roles in intracellular and intercellular signaling within HNC contexts, are now recognized as potent biomarkers for disease management, catalyzing further refined diagnostic and therapeutic strategies, edging closer to the personalized medicine desideratum. Enhanced comprehension of the genomic and immunological landscapes characteristic of HNC is anticipated to facilitate a more rigorous assessment of targeted therapies benefits and limitations, optimize their clinical deployment, and foster innovative advancements in treatment approaches. This review presents an update on the molecular mechanisms and mutational spectrum of HNC driving the oncogenesis of head and neck malignancies and explores their implications for advancing diagnostic methodologies and precision therapeutics. |
|||
article
Enterobacterales Carrying Chromosomal Ampc Β-Lactamases In Europe (Euescpm): Epidemiology And Antimicrobial Resistance Burden From A Cohort Of 27 Hospitals, 2020-2022 |
Boattini Matteo; Bianco Gabriele; Llorente Laura Iglesias; Acero Laura Alonso; Nunes Daniel; Seruca Miguel; Mendes Vasco Santos; Almeida Andre; Bastos Paulo; Rodriguez-Villodres Angel; Gascon Adelina Gimeno; Halperin Ana Veronica; Canton Rafael; Escartin Maria Nieves Larrosa; Gonzalez-Lopez Juan Jose; Floch Pauline; Massip Clemence; Chainier Delphine; Barraud Olivier; Dortet Laurent; Cuzon Gaelle; Zancanaro Clement; Mizrahi Assaf; Schade Rogier; Rasmussen Asger Nellemann; Schonning Kristian; Hamprecht Axel; Schaffarczyk Lukas; Gloeckner Stefan; Roedel Juergen; Kristof Katalin; Balonyi Agnes; Mancini Stefano; Quiblier Chantal; Fasciana Teresa; Giammanco Anna; Paglietti Bianca; Rubino Salvatore; Budimir Ana; Bedenic Branka; Rubic Zana; Marinovic Jelena; Gartzonika Konstantina; Christaki Eirini; Mavromanolaki Viktoria Eirini; Maraki Sofia; Yalcin Tugba Yanik; Azap Oezlem Kurt; Licker Monica; Musuroi Corina; Talapan Daniela; Vrancianu Corneliu Ovidiu; Comini Sara; Zalas-Wiecek Patrycja; Michalska Anna; Cavallo Rossana; Cristino Jose Melo; Costa Cristina | International Journal Of Antimicrobial Agents, 2024 | |
RezumatIntroduction: The ESCPM group ( Enterobacter species including Klebsiella aerogenes - formerly Enterobacter aerogenes, Serratia species, Citrobacter freundii complex, Providencia species and Morganella morganii ) has not yet been incorporated into systematic surveillance programs. Methods: We conducted a multicentre retrospective observational study analysing all ESCPM strains isolated from blood cultures in 27 European hospitals over a 3 -year period (2020-2022). Diagnostic approach, epidemiology, and antimicrobial susceptibility were investigated. Results: Our study comprised 6,774 ESCPM isolates. MALDI-TOF coupled to mass spectrometry was the predominant technique for bacterial identification. Susceptibility to new beta -lactam/ beta -lactamase inhibitor combinations and confirmation of AmpC overproduction were routinely tested in 33.3% and 29.6% of the centres, respectively. The most prevalent species were E. cloacae complex (4 4.8%) and S. marcescens (22.7%). Overall, third -generation cephalosporins (3GC), combined third- and fourthgeneration cephalosporins (3GC + 4GC) and carbapenems resistance phenotypes were observed in 15.7%, 4.6%, and 9.5% of the isolates, respectively. AmpC overproduction was the most prevalent resistance mechanism detected (15.8%). Among carbapenemase-producers, carbapenemase type was provided in 44.4% of the isolates, VIM- (22.9%) and OXA-48-enzyme (16%) being the most frequently detected. E. cloacae complex, K. aerogenes and Providencia species exhibited the most notable cumulative antimicrobial resistance profiles, with the former displaying 3GC, combined 3GC + 4GC and carbapenems resistance phenotypes in 15.2%, 7.4%, and 12.8% of the isolates, respectively. K. aerogenes showed the highest rate of both 3GC resistant phenotype (29.8%) and AmpC overproduction (32.1%), while Providencia species those of both carbapenems resistance phenotype (42.7%) and carbapenemase production (29.4%). ESCPM isolates exhibiting both 3GC and combined 3GC + 4GC resistance phenotypes displayed high susceptibility to ceftazidime/avibactam (98.2% and 95.7%, respectively) and colistin (90.3% and 90.7%, respectively). Colistin emerged as the most active drug against ESCPM species (except those intrinsically resistant) displaying both carbapenems resistance phenotype (85.8%) and carbapenemase production (97.8%). Conclusions: This study presented a current analysis of ESCPM species epidemiology in Europe, providing insights to inform current antibiotic treatments and guide strategies for antimicrobial stewardship and diagnostics. (c) 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ ) |
|||
article
Role Of Interferons In The Antiviral Battle: From Virus-Host Crosstalk To Prophylactic And Therapeutic Potential In Sars-Cov-2 Infection |
Mihaescu Grigore; Chifiriuc Mariana Carmen; Filip Roxana; Bleotu Coralia; Ditu Lia Mara; Constantin Marian; Cristian Roxana-Elena; Grigore Raluca; Bertesteanu Serban Vifor; Bertesteanu Gloria; Vrancianu Corneliu Ovidiu | Frontiers In Immunology, 2024 | |
RezumatMammalians sense antigenic messages from infectious agents that penetrate the respiratory and digestive epithelium, as well as signals from damaged host cells through membrane and cytosolic receptors. The transduction of these signals triggers a personalized response, depending on the nature of the stimulus and the host's genetics, physiological condition, and comorbidities. Interferons (IFNs) are the primary effectors of the innate immune response, and their synthesis is activated in most cells within a few hours after pathogen invasion. IFNs are primarily synthesized in infected cells, but their anti-infective effect is extended to the neighboring cells by autocrine and paracrine action. The emergence of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic in 2019 was a stark reminder of the potential threat posed by newly emerging viruses. This pandemic has also triggered an overwhelming influx of research studies aiming to unveil the mechanisms of protective versus pathogenic host immune responses induced by SARS-CoV-2. The purpose of this review is to describe the role of IFNs as vital players in the battle against SARS-CoV-2 infection. We will briefly characterize and classify IFNs, present the inductors of IFN synthesis, their sensors, and signaling pathways, and then discuss the role of IFNs in controlling the evolution of SARS-CoV-2 infection and its clinical outcome. Finally, we will present the perspectives and controversies regarding the prophylactic and therapeutic potential of IFNs in SARS-CoV-2 infection. |
|||
article
Role Of Probiotics In Managing Various Human Diseases, From Oral Pathology To Cancer And Gastrointestinal Diseases |
Petrariu Oana-Alina; Barbu Ilda Czobor; Niculescu Adelina-Gabriela; Constantin Marian; Grigore Georgiana Alexandra; Cristian Roxana-Elena; Mihaescu Grigore; Vrancianu Corneliu Ovidiu | Frontiers In Microbiology, 2024 | |
RezumatThe imbalance of microbial composition and diversity in favor of pathogenic microorganisms combined with a loss of beneficial gut microbiota taxa results from factors such as age, diet, antimicrobial administration for different infections, other underlying medical conditions, etc. Probiotics are known for their capacity to improve health by stimulating the indigenous gut microbiota, enhancing host immunity resistance to infection, helping digestion, and carrying out various other functions. Concurrently, the metabolites produced by these microorganisms, termed postbiotics, which include compounds like bacteriocins, lactic acid, and hydrogen peroxide, contribute to inhibiting a wide range of pathogenic bacteria. This review presents an update on using probiotics in managing and treating various human diseases, including complications that may emerge during or after a COVID-19 infection. |
|||
article
Antimicrobial Resistance In Romania: Updates On Gram-Negative Escape Pathogens In The Clinical, Veterinary, And Aquatic Sectors |
Barbu Ilda Czobor; Gheorghe-Barbu Irina; Grigore Georgiana Alexandra; Vrancianu Corneliu Ovidiu; Chifiriuc Mariana Carmen | International Journal Of Molecular Sciences, 2023 | |
RezumatMultidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria such as Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and members of the Enterobacterales order are a challenging multi-sectorial and global threat, being listed by the WHO in the priority list of pathogens requiring the urgent discovery and development of therapeutic strategies. We present here an overview of the antibiotic resistance profiles and epidemiology of Gram-negative pathogens listed in the ESCAPE group circulating in Romania. The review starts with a discussion of the mechanisms and clinical significance of Gram-negative bacteria, the most frequent genetic determinants of resistance, and then summarizes and discusses the epidemiological studies reported for A. baumannii, P. aeruginosa, and Enterobacterales-resistant strains circulating in Romania, both in hospital and veterinary settings and mirrored in the aquatic environment. The Romanian landscape of Gram-negative pathogens included in the ESCAPE list reveals that all significant, clinically relevant, globally spread antibiotic resistance genes and carrying platforms are well established in different geographical areas of Romania and have already been disseminated beyond clinical settings. |
|||
article
The Vermiform Appendix And Its Pathologies |
Constantin Marian; Petrescu Livia; Matanie Cristina; Vrancianu Corneliu Ovidiu; Niculescu Adelina-Gabriela; Andronic Octavian; Bolocan Alexandra | Cancers, 2023 | |
RezumatSimple Summary Despite its small size, the vermiform appendix is an organ with several physiological roles and various pathologies, the most common of which is acute appendicitis. The other pathologies of the vermiform appendix, especially its neoplasia are rare and often go unnoticed and are accidentally identified during appendectomies performed for other reasons. In the early stages, most appendiceal neoplasms are not detected; however, in the advanced stages, they may mimic the symptoms of acute appendicitis. In addition, due to massive mucus production, mucinous neoplasms, especially adenocarcinomas, may fistulize into adjacent structures, some identified after perforated organ pathology. The general treatment for appendiceal pathologies, including neoplasms, is complete surgical excision of the appendix, with or without the right hemicolectomy. Life expectancy is somewhat longer for low-grade mucinous tumors and peaks for well-differentiated, small, metastasis-free neuroendocrine tumors of the appendix occurring in children. The vermiform appendix is a muscular cylindrical structure originating near the junction of the cecum and ileum, averaging 9 cm (5-35 cm) in size. As the most mobile viscera, it can adopt several positions, the most common being the retrocecal position. Perceived as an atavistic organ lacking physiological relevance, the vermiform appendix appears to be involved in immune function, serving in the maturation of B lymphocytes and the production of immunoglobulin A, in endocrine function, excreting amines and hormones in the 2-3 mL of mucus secreted daily, and in digestive function, by storing beneficial bacteria from where they can recolonize the colon. With a lumen of about 6 mm, the vermiform appendix has a reduced storage capacity, so any blockage of the appendix with fecoliths (fecaliths), seeds derailed from the colon, or enlarged lymph nodes prevents drainage and intraluminal accumulation of secreted mucus. Unable to relax, the appendix wall severely limits its intraluminal volume, so mucus accumulation leads to inflammation of the appendix, known generically as appendicitis. In addition, the vermiform appendix may be the site of the development of neoplastic processes, which may or may not involve mucus production, some of which can significantly affect the standard of living and ultimately lead to death. In general, mucinous tumors may have a better prognosis than non-mucinous tumors. This review takes a comprehensive path, starting by describing the anatomy and embryology of the vermiform appendix and further detailing its inflammatory pathologies, pathologies related to congenital anomalies, and appendix tumors, thus creating an up-to-date framework for better understanding, diagnosis, and treatment of these health problems. |
|||
article
Landscape Of Genetic Mutations In Appendiceal Cancers |
Constantin Marian; Matanie Cristina; Petrescu Livia; Bolocan Alexandra; Andronic Octavian; Bleotu Coralia; Mitache Mihaela Magdalena; Tudorache Sorin; Vrancianu Corneliu Ovidiu | Cancers, 2023 | |
RezumatSimple Summary An analysis of the presence of mutations of 105 genes in appendiceal cancers through the lens of the reviewed literature supports the view that in most of them, the inactivation of tumor suppressor genes, such as TP53 and SMAD4, is required in parallel with the reactivation of genes with oncogenic potentials, such as KRAS, GNAS, and BRAF, which support the main tumor processes, cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and evasion of apoptosis. Of all appendiceal cancers, the most mutated genes are reported in mucinous neoplasms of the appendix, not including those in the RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK signaling pathway, followed by low-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasms, appendiceal goblet cell adenocarcinomas, and mucinous adenocarcinomas of the appendix, in which this signaling pathway is most frequently affected, showing its importance in their tumorigenesis. Microsatellite instability rarely occurs in appendix cancers, being reported only in adenocarcinomas. In appendiceal cancers, the most frequently mutated genes are (i) KRAS, which, when reactivated, restores signal transduction via the RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK signaling pathway and stimulates cell proliferation in the early stages of tumor transformation, and then angiogenesis; (ii) TP53, whose inactivation leads to the inhibition of programmed cell death; (iii) GNAS, which, when reactivated, links the cAMP pathway to the RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK signaling pathway, stimulating cell proliferation and angiogenesis; (iv) SMAD4, exhibiting typical tumor-suppressive activity, blocking the transmission of oncogenic TGFB signals via the SMAD2/SMAD3 heterodimer; and (v) BRAF, which is part of the RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK signaling pathway. Diverse mutations are reported in other genes, which are part of secondary or less critical signaling pathways for tumor progression, but which amplify the phenotypic diversity of appendiceal cancers. In this review, we will present the main genetic mutations involved in appendix tumors and their roles in cell proliferation and survival, and in tumor invasiveness, angiogenesis, and acquired resistance to anti-growth signals. |
|||
article
Implications Of Oral Dysbiosis And Hpv Infection In Head And Neck Cancer: From Molecular And Cellular Mechanisms To Early Diagnosis And Therapy |
Constantin Marian; Chifiriuc Mariana Carmen; Mihaescu Grigore; Vrancianu Corneliu Ovidiu; Dobre Elena-Georgiana; Cristian Roxana-Elena; Bleotu Coralia; Bertesteanu Serban Vifor; Grigore Raluca; Serban Bogdan; Cirstoiu Catalin | Frontiers In Oncology, 2023 | |
RezumatHead and neck cancer (HNC) is the sixth most common type of cancer, with more than half a million new cases annually. This review focuses on the role of oral dysbiosis and HPV infection in HNCs, presenting the involved taxons, molecular effectors and pathways, as well as the HPV-associated particularities of genetic and epigenetic changes and of the tumor microenvironment occurred in different stages of tumor development. Oral dysbiosis is associated with the evolution of HNCs, through multiple mechanisms such as inflammation, genotoxins release, modulation of the innate and acquired immune response, carcinogens and anticarcinogens production, generation of oxidative stress, induction of mutations. Thus, novel microbiome-derived biomarkers and interventions could significantly contribute to achieving the desideratum of personalized management of oncologic patients, regarding both early diagnosis and treatment. The results reported by different studies are not always congruent regarding the variations in the abundance of different taxons in HNCs. However, there is a consistent reporting of a higher abundance of Gram-negative species such as Fusobacterium, Leptotrichia, Treponema, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella, Bacteroidetes, Haemophilus, Veillonella, Pseudomonas, Enterobacterales, which are probably responsible of chronic inflammation and modulation of tumor microenvironment. Candida albicans is the dominant fungi found in oral carcinoma being also associated with shorter survival rate. Specific microbial signatures (e.g., F. nucleatum, Bacteroidetes and Peptostreptococcus) have been associated with later stages and larger tumor, suggesting their potential to be used as biomarkers for tumor stratification and prognosis. On the other hand, increased abundance of Corynebacterium, Kingella, Abiotrophia is associated with a reduced risk of HNC. Microbiome could also provide biomarkers for differentiating between oropharyngeal and hypopharyngeal cancers as well as between HPV-positive and HPV-negative tumors. Ongoing clinical trials aim to validate non-invasive tests for microbiome-derived biomarkers detection in oral and throat cancers, especially within high-risk populations. Oro-pharyngeal dysbiosis could also impact the HNCs therapy and associated side-effects of radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy. HPV-positive tumors harbor fewer mutations, as well as different DNA methylation pattern and tumor microenvironment. Therefore, elucidation of the molecular mechanisms by which oral microbiota and HPV infection influence the HNC initiation and progression, screening for HPV infection and vaccination against HPV, adopting a good oral hygiene, and preventing oral dysbiosis are important tools for advancing in the battle with this public health global challenge. |
|||
article
Phenotypic And Genotypic Characterization Of Recently Isolated Multidrug-Resistant Acinetobacter Baumannii Clinical And Aquatic Strains And Demonstration Of Silver Nanoparticle Potency |
Gheorghe-Barbu Irina; Corbu Viorica Maria; Vrancianu Corneliu Ovidiu; Marinas Ioana Cristina; Popa Marcela; Dumbrava Andreea Stefania; Nita-Lazar Mihai; Pecete Ionut; Muntean Andrei Alexandru; Popa Mircea Ioan; Marinescu Liliana; Ficai Denisa; Ficai Anton; Barbu Ilda Czobor | Microorganisms, 2023 | |
RezumatThis study aims to demonstrate the effectiveness of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) on multidrug-resistant (MDR) Acinetobacter baumannii (AB) strains isolated from the clinical and aquatic environment. Three types of Ag NPs were investigated for their antimicrobial, antibiofilm, and antivirulence properties on a total number of 132 AB strains isolated in the same temporal sequence from intra-hospital infections (IHIs), wastewater (WW), and surface water (SW) samples between 2019 and 2022 from different Romanian locations and characterized at the phenotypic and genotypic levels. The comparative analysis of the antimicrobial resistance (AR) profiles according to the isolation source and the geographical location demonstrated a decrease in MDR level in AB recovered from WW samples in 2022 from north-eastern/central/southern regions (N-E/C-W/analyzed strains S): 87.5/60/32.5%. The AB strains were lecithinase, caseinase, amylase, and lipase producers, had variable biofilm formation ability, and belonged to six genotypes associated with the presence of different virulence genes (ompA, csuE, bap, and bfmS). The Ag NPs synthesized with the solvothermal method exhibited an inhibitory effect on microbial growth, the adherence capacity to the inert substratum, and on the production of soluble virulence factors. We report here the first description of a powerful antibacterial agent against MDR AB strains circulating between hospitals and anthropically polluted water in Romania. |
|||
article
Phenotypic And Genotypic Characterization Of Recently Isolated Multidrug-Resistant Acinetobacter Baumannii Clinical And Aquatic Strains And Demonstration Of Silver Nanoparticle Potency |
Gheorghe-Barbu I.; Corbu V.M.; Vrancianu C.O.; Marinas I.C.; Popa M.; Dumbravă A.Ú.; Niță-Lazăr M.; Pecete I.; Muntean A.A.; Popa M.I.; Marinescu L.; Ficai D.; Ficai A.; Czobor Barbu I. | Microorganisms, 2023 | |
RezumatThis study aims to demonstrate the effectiveness of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) on multidrug-resistant (MDR) Acinetobacter baumannii (AB) strains isolated from the clinical and aquatic environment. Three types of Ag NPs were investigated for their antimicrobial, antibiofilm, and antivirulence properties on a total number of 132 AB strains isolated in the same temporal sequence from intra-hospital infections (IHIs), wastewater (WW), and surface water (SW) samples between 2019 and 2022 from different Romanian locations and characterized at the phenotypic and genotypic levels. The comparative analysis of the antimicrobial resistance (AR) profiles according to the isolation source and the geographical location demonstrated a decrease in MDR level in AB recovered from WW samples in 2022 from north-eastern/central/southern regions (N-E/C-W/analyzed strains S): 87.5/60/32.5%. The AB strains were lecithinase, caseinase, amylase, and lipase producers, had variable biofilm formation ability, and belonged to six genotypes associated with the presence of different virulence genes (ompA, csuE, bap, and bfmS). The Ag NPs synthesized with the solvothermal method exhibited an inhibitory effect on microbial growth, the adherence capacity to the inert substratum, and on the production of soluble virulence factors. We report here the first description of a powerful antibacterial agent against MDR AB strains circulating between hospitals and anthropically polluted water in Romania. © 2023 by the authors. |
|||
article
Targeting Plasmids To Limit Acquisition And Transmission Of Antimicrobial Resistance |
Vrancianu Corneliu Ovidiu; Popa Laura Ioana; Bleotu Coralia; Chifiriuc Mariana Carmen | Frontiers In Microbiology, 2020 | |
RezumatAntimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a significant global threat to both public health and the environment. The emergence and expansion of AMR is sustained by the enormous diversity and mobility of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs). Different mechanisms of horizontal gene transfer (HGT), including conjugation, transduction, and transformation, have facilitated the accumulation and dissemination of ARGs in Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. This has resulted in the development of multidrug resistance in some bacteria. The most clinically significant ARGs are usually located on different mobile genetic elements (MGEs) that can move intracellularly (between the bacterial chromosome and plasmids) or intercellularly (within the same species or between different species or genera). Resistance plasmids play a central role both in HGT and as support elements for other MGEs, in which ARGs are assembled by transposition and recombination mechanisms. Considering the crucial role of MGEs in the acquisition and transmission of ARGs, a potential strategy to control AMR is to eliminate MGEs. This review discusses current progress on the development of chemical and biological approaches for the elimination of ARG carriers. |
|||
