In the context of the massive exploitation of fossil resources, new biotechnological resources are being exploited, in particular microalgae and cyanobacteria. Botryocococcus braunii, a green, colony-forming microalgae, is considered of major interest because of its ability to synthesise large quantities of liquid fossil-like hydrocarbons. Of the three existing chemical races, race B (botryococcinene-producing), is regarded as having high potential. In this project, we aim to address the following problems: the identification of strains belonging to chemical race B, producing high amounts of hydrocarbons and having a high growth rate. The biological material collected from different regions of Transylvania will be analysed in terms of Botryococcus genus diversity, based on the single-colony PCR method. The advantage of this method is the use of a single algal colony to obtain molecular results. Botryococcus B strains will be discriminated on the basis of the 18S rRNA molecular marker, which is commonly found in the literature. Selected strains will be cultured under controlled conditions and growth parameters will be evaluated accordingly. Botryococcenes will also be quantified. Based on these results, new Botryococcus strains will be identified using the single-colony PCR molecular technique (followed by sequencing) in the study of the diversity of the Botryococcus genus.