A major problem that arises in taxonomic studies carried out both in the country and abroad is represented by problematic species, species that show very similar morphological traits, which is why their classification in a taxonomic system is very difficult. This is the case of Onobrychis transilvanica. Our aim is to establish the taxonomic relationship of this species with the taxon O. montana. Based on the previous studies and the fact that the current interpretation of the taxonomic position of O. transsilvanica species is supported exclusively on morphological characters that have been shown to be inadequate in different studies, we believe that the application of current molecular methods, such as : microstatoliths and plastid genome derived DNA (cpDNA) sequencing, is important in order to elucidate the taxonomic status of O. transsilvanica species . The main aim of this project is to investigate whether there is a sound genetic basis for treating the species Onobrychis transsilvanica as a distinct taxonomic unit. We also aim to identify molecular markers sufficiently polymorphic to discriminate between Onobrychis transsilvanica and O. montana species and to investigate taxonomic boundaries within the O. montana - O. transsilvanica group in the South-Eastern Carpathians. The molecular studies proposed in this project are in line with the current approach that is currently utilised in modern taxonomic and phylogeny studies.